研究旨在探究振荡水柱（oscillating water column，简称OWC）防波堤前墙的受力特性。通过物理模型试验，利用狭缝开口模拟冲击式空气透平，测量前墙两侧的波浪压强和振荡水柱气室内气体压强，从而在计算前墙水平波致总力时计及波压力和气压力。研究结果表明，气室宽度比和狭缝开口率是影响波浪压强和气体压强的关键参数，其主要影响表现为：改变前墙两侧波浪压强的幅值，改变前墙两侧高波压区域的垂向宽度以及改变气压振荡的剧烈程度。在不同的气室结构参数和波浪参数组合下，前墙的最大水平波致力分布呈现两个高波力区域，时域分析结果表明，这两个区域的前墙水平波致力中波压分力与气压分力的峰值幅值和相位组合存在差异。文中特别强调气体压强在前墙水平波致力中的重要作用，受其主要影响，狭缝开口率小于1.50%的OWC防波堤前墙在B/L=0.15附近波浪作用下出现较大波致力。为确保OWC防波堤结构安全，设计时应根据海域波浪特征调整气室结构，避免或减少在前墙表面形成高波力区域。

英文摘要:

This study investigates the force characteristics of the front wall of an oscillating water column (OWC) breakwater. Using physical model tests, a slot-type orifice simulates an impact air turbine. The total horizontal wave-induced force on the front wall, including wave pressure and air pressure, is determined by measuring dynamic water pressure on both sides of the front wall and air pressure inside the chamber. The results indicate that the air chamber width ratio and slot opening ratio are key parameters affecting dynamic water and air pressures. Their main effects include altering the amplitude of dynamic water pressure on both sides of the front wall, changing the vertical width of high wave-pressure regions, and modifying the intensity of air pressure oscillations. Under different combinations of chamber parameters and wave conditions, the maximum horizontal wave-induced force on the front wall exhibits two high-force regions. Time-domain analysis reveals differences in the peak amplitudes and phase combinations of wave and air pressures in these regions. The study highlights the significant role of air pressure in the horizontal wave-induced force on the front wall. Specifically, for OWC breakwaters with a slot opening ratio below 1.50%, substantial wave-induced forces occur near B/L=0.15. To ensure structural safety, the air chamber design should be adjusted according to the local wave characteristics to avoid or minimize high-force regions on the front wall.

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