| 肖忠，鲍清云，韩佳岐，许景瑄.海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术的研究进展[J].海洋工程,2026,(2):38~63 |
| 海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术的研究进展 |
| Research progress on anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling technologies for marine energy equipment |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-30 修订日期：2025-12-23 |
| DOI：10.16483/j.issn.1005-9865.2026.02.003 |
| 中文关键词: 海洋能装备 防腐 抗生物污损 长效防护 绿色环保 可再生能源 |
| 英文关键词:marine energy equipment anti-corrosion anti-biofouling long-term protection environmentally friendly renewable energy |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFB2604200）；国家自然科学基金项目（52571306，51879187） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 15 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 海洋能作为一种绿色可再生能源，具有巨大的储量和开发潜力，但海洋环境的强腐蚀性与生物污损严重制约了海洋能装备的长期安全运行与经济效益。系统综述了海洋能装备系统防腐与抗生物污损技术的研究进展，分析了海洋环境中腐蚀与生物污损的形成机理、危害及其对不同装备系统的影响。重点总结了包括防腐涂层、阴极保护、电解防污、仿生表面等在内的多种防护技术，并针对海上风能、波浪能、潮汐能、海流能、温差能、盐差能和海上光伏等典型装备系统的具体应用提出了分区防护策略。归纳了当前技术面临单一防腐防污材料的环境通用性不足、长效防护问题与运维成本较高、实验室环境模拟结果较难准确预测实际工程寿命和实际大量使用的有机聚合物涂料多含有毒有害物质等挑战。最后提出海洋能装备防腐与抗生物污损技术将朝着智能化、生态友好型、集成化和数字化的方向深度融合与突破，以期为海洋能装备的高效、可靠、绿色运行提供理论支持与技术参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Marine energy is a green and renewable resource with huge reserves and potential. However, the marine environment causes severe corrosion and biofouling, which threaten the long-term safety and economic performance of marine energy equipment. This article reviews recent progress in anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling technologies for marine energy systems. It analyzes how corrosion and biofouling form, their impacts, and their effects on different types of equipment. Several protection methods are introduced, such as anti-corrosion coatings, cathodic protection, electrolytic anti-fouling, and biomimetic surfaces. Zone-specific protection strategies are also suggested for different marine energy systems, including offshore wind, wave, tidal, ocean current, thermal gradient, salinity gradient, and offshore solar. However, several challenges remain. Single-purpose materials have limited effectiveness, long-term protection is costly, lab simulations often fail to predict real-world performance, and many polymer coatings contain toxic substances. Looking ahead, anti-corrosion and anti-biofouling technologies are expected to become smarter, more eco-friendly, integrated, and digital. These advances will help achieve efficient, reliable, and green operation of marine energy systems. |
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