海岸植被对波浪能量具有衰减作用，在海岸防护中得到了广泛关注和应用。已有研究主要关注平底条件下植被的消浪效果，而对斜坡上植被的消浪特性关注较少。以广州市南沙区龙穴岛北部近岸水动力特征为基础，通过水槽物理模型试验探究了斜坡上不同刚性植被组合的沿程波高、波浪非线性、波浪频谱以及淹没体积率的变化特征，分析了植被淹没体积率对消浪效果的影响。研究表明：与无植被条件相比，单一型和组合型植被均显著降低了透射波高，组合型植被的消浪效果介于单一型的刚性大树和刚性小树之间；斜坡上的浅水变形效应使波浪非线性沿程增强，但与无植被条件相比，斜坡植被的存在降低了波浪的非线性；波浪经过斜坡植被带后，透射波的波形变化显著，波高、主频幅值和能量谱密度均有所降低；植被淹没体积率对斜坡上刚性植被的消浪效果有显著影响，植被淹没体积率越大，消浪效果越好。

英文摘要:

Coastal vegetation has been widely recognized and applied for its wave energy attenuation effect in coastal protection. While previous studies have mainly focused on the wave attenuation effect of vegetation under flat bottom conditions, less attention has been paid to the wave attenuation characteristics of vegetation on slopes. Based on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the nearshore area in the northern part of Longxue Island, Nansha District, Guangzhou, this study investigated the variations in along-path wave height, wave nonlinearity, wave spectrum, and submerged volume ratio under different rigid vegetation combinations on a slope through physical flume model experiments, and analyzed the influence of the submerged volume ratio on wave attenuation performance. Results show that, compared to the non-vegetated condition, both single and combined vegetation significantly reduce transmitted wave height, with the attenuation performance of combined vegetation lying between that of tall and short rigid vegetation. The shallow water deformation effect on the slope enhances wave nonlinearity along the propagation path; however, the presence of vegetation reduces wave nonlinearity compared to the non-vegetated case. After waves pass through the sloped vegetated zone, the transmitted waveforms change significantly, with reductions in wave height, dominant frequency amplitude, and spectral energy density. The submerged volume ratio of vegetation plays a crucial role in its wave attenuation performance, with higher submergence ratios resulting in more effective attenuation.

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