桩基础被广泛应用于海上风电项目，拥有广阔的应用前景。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立分层黏土模型，对大直径钢管桩在单向水平荷载作用下的承载特性进行研究。以某风电工程现场试桩为例，对比分析有限元模拟结果与现场静载试桩试验结果，验证了模型的准确性。采用单因素变量法，分析了钢管桩直径、壁厚、埋深与土壤内摩擦角、黏聚力对大直径钢管桩水平承载特性的影响。研究表明：大直径钢管桩在水平荷载下呈现出刚性桩、中长桩及其过渡阶段的受力特性，桩的直径、埋深是影响其受力状态的主要因素；钢管桩水平位移对各因素变化的敏感性由强至弱分别为埋深>直径>壁厚>土体参数。

英文摘要:

Pile foundations are widely used in offshore wind power projects and possess broad application prospects. A layered clay model was established using the finite element software ABAQUS to study the bearing characteristics of large-diameter steel pipe piles under unidirectional horizontal loads. Using an on-site pile test from a wind power project as a case study, the finite element simulation results were compared and analyzed against those from the on-site static load pile test, verifying the model's accuracy. The single-factor variable method was employed to analyze the effects of steel pipe pile diameter, wall thickness, burial depth, soil internal friction angle, and cohesion on the horizontal bearing characteristics of large-diameter steel pipe piles. The results indicate that large-diameter steel pipe piles exhibit the stress characteristics of rigid piles, medium-length piles, and their transitional stages under horizontal loads. Pile diameter and burial depth are the primary factors influencing the stress state. The sensitivity of horizontal displacement to various factors, in descending order, is: burial depth > diameter > wall thickness > soil parameters.

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